This research article analyses Ghulam Abbas's novella Dhanak from various perspectives. Specifically, it examines how Dhanak portrays the religious backwardness in Pakistan half a century ago and emphasizes the exploitation of Islam by religious leaders for their own power. The novella highlights Pakistan's scientific progress while also depicting the leaders' mistrust and discouragement of innovation. Once, under governmental control, these leaders ultimately devastate the country's development. This study employs comparative literary analysis to explore themes such as religious regression, the struggle for modernity, and the impact of political power on social progress. By conducting literary reviews, textual analyses, and considering historical contexts, this research identifies parallels between the socio-political conditions of mid-20th century Pakistan and contemporary issues. The comparative analysis draws on current academic articles and sociological studies to underscore the persistent challenges in balancing tradition with modernity. The findings reveal that the themes of Dhanak remain relevant to our present society, reflecting the enduring struggle between progressive ideals and conservative forces in Pakistan. This study helps to understand how historical literary works can shed light on contemporary societal issues, offering a comprehensive perspective on the ongoing tension between innovation and tradition in Pakistan's socio-political landscape.

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Magazine

1.  Adab-e-Lateef, Annual Issue, Maktaba-e-Urdu, Lahore, 1945