Urdu script has a special existence in terms of its geography and culture. Attempts have been made to change it many times in history, but Urdu has its own uniqueness in its cultural background. If we look at the efforts to introduce Hindi and Roman scripts for Urdu, then Nastaleeq has been suitable for Urdu in every era and still Nastaleeq is like body and soul for Urdu. Language is an important means of communication free from prejudice. Civilization is a combination of different cultures. The script is the identity of every culture. Urdu script also has a cultural uniqueness.

1.      Dr. Farman Fatehpuri, Tadris-e-Urdu, (Islamabad: Muqtadira Qaumi Zaban, 1998), p. 47

2.      Ibid

3.      Prof. Muhammad Sajjad Mirza, Urdu Rasmul Khat (Collection of Research Papers), (Islamabad: Muqtadira Qaumi Zaban, 1989), p. 157

4.      Dr. Farman Fatehpuri, Tadris-e-Urdu, p. 78

5.      Rasheed Hasan Khan, Urdu Imla, (Lahore: Fiction House, 2004), p. 10

6.      Surah Al-‘Alaq: 3-4

7.      Surah Al-Baqarah: 31

8.      Surah Al-e-Imran: 145

9.      Surah Al-Infitar: 10-12

10.  Shamsuddin Ijaz Raqm Lucknowi, Nazm-e-Parveen, (Karachi: Mir Muhammad Kutubkhana Markaz-e-Ilm-o-Adab, 1913), p. 2

11.  Abdul Qayyum, Tadris-e-Naskh, (Lahore: Azad Book Depot, 1967), p. 2

12.  Ibid

13.  Prof. Syed Muhammad Saleem, Urdu Rasmul Khat, (Islamabad: Muqtadira Qaumi Zaban, 1981), p. 13

14.  Ibid, p. 27

15.  Muhammad Ishaq Qureshi, Fan-e-Tehrir ki Tarikh, (Aligarh: Anjuman Taraqqi-e-Urdu Hind, 1962), p. 64-65, 1^st Ed.

16.  Rasheed Akhtar Nadvi, Pakistan ka Qadeem Rasmul Khat aur Zaban, (Islamabad: Qaumi Idara Barae Tehqiq-o-Saqafat, 1995), p. 40

17.  Gyan Chand Jain, Aam Lisaniyat, (New Delhi: Bureau for Promotion of Urdu, 1985), p. 654

18.  Prof. Syed Muhammad Saleem, Urdu Rasmul Khat, p. 14

19.  Muhammad Ishaq Qureshi, Fan-e-Tehrir ki Tarikh, p. 57‘

20.  Dr. F. A. Khan, Fan-e-Khattati: Ek Ijmali Ja’iza in Mah-e-Nau, Oct. 1967, p. 37

21.  Muhammad Ishaq Qureshi, Fan-e-Tehrir ki Tarikh, p. 57

22.  Prof. Syed Muhammad Saleem, Urdu Rasmul Khat, p. 31

23.  Ibid, p. 31-32

24.  Ibid, Tarikh-e-Khat-o-Khattatin, (Karachi: Zawwar Academy Publications, 2001), p. 31

25.  Ibid, 34

26.  Muhammad Ishaq Siddiqui, Fan-e-Tehrir ki Tarikh, p. 68

27.  Ibid, p. 14

28.  Ibid, Fan-e-Tehrir ki Tarikh, p. 71-72

29.  Ibid, p. 73-74

30.  Ibid, p. 75

31.  Ibid, p. 79-80

32.  Khursheed Alam Gauhar Qalam, Naqsh-e-Gauhar Jadeed, (Lahore: Kutubkhana-e-Khursheedia, 2003), p. 24

33.  Ibid, p. 20

34.  Muhammad Ishaq Qureshi, Fan-e-Tehrir ki Tarikh, p. 82

35.  Khursheed Alam Gauhar Qalam, Naqsh-e-Gauhar Jadeed, p. 16

36.  Ibid, p. 20

37.  Muhammad Ishaq Qureshi, Fan-e-Tehrir ki Tarikh, p. 84-86

38.  Prof. Syed Muhammad Saleem, Tarikh-e-Khat-o-Khattatin, p. 30

39.  Rasheed Akhtar Nadvi, Pakistan ka Qadeem Rasmul Khat aur Zaban, p. 29-30

40.  Anjum Rahmani, Barr-e-Sagheer Pak-o-Hind mein Khattati, (Lahore: Lahore Museum, 1978), p. 7

41.  Dr. Tariq Aziz, Urdu Rasmul Khat aur Type, (Islamabad: Muqtadira Qaumi Zaban, 1982), p. 24

42.  Syed ‘Abdul Quddus Hashmi, Roman Rasmul Khat aur Pakistan, (Karachi: Academy of Educational Research, All Pakistan Educational Conference, 1993), p. 5

43.  Ibid, p. 5-8

44.  Dr. Tariq Aziz, Urdu Rasmul Khat aur Type, p. 31

45.  Dr. Atash Durrani, Urdu aur Roman Rasmul Khat ka Mas’ala in Mutakhabat-e-Urdu Nama, Vol. 1, Ed. by Dr. Moinud din Aqeel, (Islamabad: Muqtadira Qaumi Zaban, 1988), p. 256-257

46.  Prof. Haroon Khan Shirvani, Urdu Rasmul Khat aur Taba‘at, (Hyderabad Deccan: Islamic Publications, 1957), p. 74

47.  Idara, Roman Rasmul Khat in Zamana, Kaunpur, Jul. 1925, p. 6

48.  Ibid, p. 7

49.  Maulvi ‘Abdul Haq, Rasmul Khat in Zamana, Kaunpur, Sept. 1930, p. 35

50.  Basheer Nath, Hindi Urdu Qazia in Urdu, Aurangabad, Apr. 1937, p. 41

51.  Dr. Tariq ‘Aziz, Urdu Rasmul Khat aur Type, p. 67

52.  Syed ‘Abdul Quddus Hashmi, Roman Rasmul Khat aur Pakistan, p. 54-63

53.  Dr. Tariq ‘Aziz, Urdu Rasmul Khat aur Type, p. 53

54.  Sajjad Mirza, The Roman, Nagri & Urdu Scripts: An Appraisal, (Hyderabad Deccan: 1943), p. 2, Ref. Dr. Tariq ‘Aziz, Urdu Rasmul Khat aur Type, p. 69

55.  Hayatullah Ansari, Roman Rasmul Khat in Urdu, Anjuman Taraqqi-e-Urdu Hind, Delhi, Jan. 1944, p. 35

56.  Dr. Tariq ‘Aziz, Urdu Rasmul Khat aur Type, p. 69

57.  Dr. Hashim Ameer ‘Ali has been serving as the Principal of the College of Agriculture, ‘Usmani University, Hyderderabad Deccan.

58.  Dr. Tariq ‘Aziz, Urdu Rasmul Khat aur Type, p. 68

59.  Prof. Haroon Khan Shirvani, Some points for and against adoption of Hindi, Urdu and Latin (Roman) Scripts for the National Languages of India, p. 79, Ref. Dr. Tariq ‘Aziz, Urdu Rasmul Khat aur Type, p. 72

60.  Shanul Haq Haqqi, Rasmul Khat ki Uljhan in Naya Daur, Karachi, Apr. 1950, p. 30-31

61.  Muhammad Ayyub Khan, Jis Rizq se ati ho parwaz mein kotahi, (Pakistan: Oxford University Press, 1967), p. 140

62.   Dr. Muhammad Din Taseer, Urdu Rasm-e-Khat ki Behes in Nasr-e-Taseer, Ed. by Faiz Ahmed Faiz, (Bahawalpur: Urdu Academy, 1963), p. 25-32

63.   Muhammad Tahir Faruqi, Hamara Rasmul Khat in Mah-e-Nau, Karachi, Special Issue 1962, p. 47-48

64.   Hukm Chand Nayyar, Urdu ka Rasm-e-Khat in Hamari Zaban, Aligarh, Nov. 8, 1962, p. 6-7

65.   Naya Daur, Karachi, No. 47-48

66.  Dr. Farman Fatehpuri, Urdu Hindi Tanaza, (Islamabad: National Book Foundation, 1977), p. 362-363

Religious Scriptures

1.      Surah Al-‘Alaq: 3-4

2.      Surah Al-Baqarah: 31

3.      Surah Al-e-Imran: 145

4.      Surah Al-Infitar: 10-12

Source

1.      ‘Abdul Qayyum, Tadris-e-Naskh, Lahore: Azad Book Depot, 1967

2.      ‘Aziz, Tariq, Dr., Urdu Rasmul Khat aur Type, Islamabad: Muqtadira Qaumi Zaban, 1982

3.      Durrani, Atash, Dr., Urdu aur Roman Rasmul Khat ka Mas’ala in Mutakhabat-e-Urdu Nama, Vol. 1, Ed. by Dr. Moinud din Aqeel, Islamabad: Muqtadira Qaumi Zaban, 1988

4.      Fatehpuri, Farman, Dr., Tadris-e-Urdu, Islamabad: Muqtadira Qaumi Zaban, 1998

5.      ______, Urdu Hindi Tanaza, Islamabad: National Book Foundation, 1977

6.      Gauhar Qalam, Khursheed Alam, Naqsh-e-Gauhar Jadeed, Lahore: Kutubkhana-e-Khursheedia, 2003

7.      Hashmi, ‘Abdul Quddus, Syed, Roman Rasmul Khat aur Pakistan, Karachi: Academy of Educational Research, All Pakistan Educational Conference, 1993

8.      Jain, Gyan Chand, Aam Lisaniyat, New Delhi: Bureau for Promotion of Urdu, 1985

9.      Khan, Muhammad Ayyub, Jis Rizq se ati ho parwaz mein kotahi, Pakistan: Oxford University Press, 1967

10.  Khan, Rasheed Hasan, Urdu Imla, Lahore: Fiction House, 2004

11.  Lucknowi, Shamsuddin Ijaz Raqm, Nazm-e-Parveen, (Karachi: Mir Muhammad Kutubkhana Markaz-e-Ilm-o-Adab, 1913

12.  Mirza, Muhammad Sajjad, Prof., Urdu Rasmul Khat (Collection of Research Papers), (Islamabad: Muqtadira Qaumi Zaban, 1989), p. 157

13.  _____, The Roman, Nagri & Urdu Scripts: An Appraisal, Hyderabad Deccan: 1943, Ref. Dr. Tariq ‘Aziz, Urdu Rasmul Khat aur Type.

14.  Nadvi, Rasheed Akhtar, Pakistan ka Qadeem Rasmul Khat aur Zaban, Islamabad: Qaumi Idara Barae Tehqiq-o-Saqafat, 1995

15.  Rahmani, Anjum, Barr-e-Sagheer Pak-o-Hind mein Khattati, Lahore: Lahore Museum, 1978

16.  Saleem, Muhammad, Syed, Prof., Urdu Rasmul Khat, Islamabad: Muqtadira Qaumi Zaban, 1981

17.  ______, Tarikh-e-Khat-o-Khattatin, Karachi: Zawwar Academy Publications, 2001

18.  Siddiqui, Muhammad Ishaq, Fan-e-Tehrir ki Tarikh, Aligarh: Anjuman Taraqqi-e-Urdu Hind, 1962, 1^st Ed.

19.  Shirvani, Haroon Khan, Prof., Urdu Rasmul Khat aur Taba‘at, Hyderabad Deccan: Islamic Publications, 1957

20.  _____, Some points for and against adoption of Hindi, Urdu and Latin (Roman) Scripts for the National Languages of India, Ref. Dr. Tariq ‘Aziz, Urdu Rasmul Khat aur Type.

21.  Taseer, Muhammad Din, Dr., Urdu Rasm-e-Khat ki Behes in Nasr-e-Taseer, Ed. by Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Bahawalpur: Urdu Academy, 1963

Magazines & Journals

1.      Hamari Zaban, Aligarh, Nov. 8, 1962

2.      Mah-e-Nau, Karachi, Special Issue, 1962

3.      _____, Oct. 1967

4.      Naya Daur, Karachi, No. 47-48

5.      _____, Apr. 1950

6.      Urdu, Anjuman Taraqqi-e-Urdu Hind, Aurangabad, Apr. 1937

7.      _____, _____, Delhi, Jan. 1944

8.      Zamana, Kaunpur, Jul. 1925

9.      _____, Sept. 1930